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Questions about the Bible Women

Fred Sanders of Scriptorium Daily
writes of the Bible Women
who, a hundred years ago, did missions work door-to-door and set up Bible classes in the Los Angeles area. Their work was great and their influence powerful.

it wouldn't do justice to the Bible Women to say that they did their work quietly or out of the spotlight or behind the scenes. They were aggressive. They were the ones making the difference. In many ways, because of their radical vision of the priesthood of all believers, they were the leading edge of the Bible Institute's* impact on the city.
Try to picture a Los Angeles before national women's suffrage, with these teams of women combing the neighborhoods, "Bibles in hand," witnessing and teaching and counseling. In fact, they were very aware of the opportunities and limitations that belonged to "the fairer sex." Men could not go door to door expecting intimate conversation about domestic issues; the Bible Women could and did.

Yet,

it is worth remembering that the Institute's Bible Women all understood the Bible to teach that there were limits placed on the amount of relative authority that could be properly held by women in the congregation. They were all complementarians rather than egalitarians, to use a later evangelical distinction. Were they inconsistent to knock on doors, lead Bible classes, confront doctrinal error, and do that whole range of things that made up their work? Try telling a Bible Woman that, if you dare.

The article does not say whether the Bible Women spoke only with other women while "canvassing, teaching, counseling, and doing 'much of a personal nature,'" although a report states that they sought "to rescue the misguided women who fall so easily prey to the snares of the enemy." By necessity, would they also have spoken with men, or did they indeed speak only with women, or address the men only indirectly through the women?

I am also wondering how having authority to do heavy-duty missions work in the community corresponds to having limited authority in the congregation. What are the lines, and where are they drawn? (How far does the priesthood of a woman go?) Can women teach non-believing men? (Can a woman teach a man outside the church but not within the church?) Was it assumed that women would first learn at church from men's teaching and then take that teaching to the community? Was there oversight from men?

I'm also wondering why women can teach (or lead) other women yet not other men. Would they not pass error on to other women, or lead them wrongly as easily as they would men? How do we separate counseling, or explaining, from teaching? Finally, if women are trusted to teach children in a church setting, at what age does a boy become too old to receive the teaching of a woman, and how and when is that decided? Should a son stop receiving his mother's teaching at some point? Why is such teaching adequate for a child (or a woman) but not for an adult man, if the training received in childhood is to lead the child to adulthood?

(I hope these questions are not viewed as impertinent; they are honest.)

*The Bible Institute later became known as Biola University.

Comments

I spent quite a few years in a "seeker" church that was a good church in many respects, but was rather light in teaching. I realized that I wasn't going to really learn anything about the Bible unless I looked elsewhere. I spent quite a few years in women's Bible studies that were meaty and satisfying. I received a solid foundation almost entirely from women teachers.

I used to ask the same questions that you ask here. These days I am pondering a different question. I am not limited in choosing studies or teachers. Why is my husband?

Posted by: Dana at June 23, 2008 9:54 PM

Thanks for weighing in, Dana, and what a great question.

Another question is, if women aren't allowed to teach men because they might lead them astray, then why are they entrusted with teaching vulnerable children?

Posted by: Bonnie at June 24, 2008 10:53 AM

Bonnie, you impertinent soul, you! Just kidding. :) This is a good post, but the questions raised may be outside the scope of Fred's article.

Some historical notes for context:

Opened in 1908, the Bible Institute Of Los Angeles' first student body consisted of 35 students recruited from the Fisherman's Club for men and the Lyceum Club for women.

The "Bible Women" was the name of a club, not a classifcation. This "club" did evangelism and other ministry in the very early part of the 19th century within the gender contexts of that time. "Bible Women" were selected from the Lyceum Club, which was organized and taught by Mrs. Anna "Mother" Horton. Their purpose was "to win others to Christ by visiting homes and teaching neighborhood Bible clases." The club was formed in 1907.

In context, "the congregation" probably refers to a specific church rather than the Church universal. Building a church to operate in tandem with the Institute was per a request by one of the Institute's founders, R.A. Torrey. Torrey was a respected pastor and evangelist with a pair of theological degrees from Yale College and editor of "The Fundamentals." When approached about becoming the Institute's first dean, Torrey agreed to accept the position on one condition: that the new school would also establish a church with an auditorium large enough to hold at least 3,500 people. This was agreed upon and the Church of the Open Door was officially opened in 1915. In context, this is probably "the congregation" to which Fred was referring (COD was the church where Institute students attended at that time), rather than the Church at large.

I'm not sure it's fair to compare the cultural and social parameters within which ministry was typically conducted from 100 years ago with the parameters that are in place today.

Don't forget the final phrase in the selected quote - "if you dare." This seems to imply that the Bible Women were anything BUT second class or second-rate or "limited" in much of anything other than the culture of the time. As I see it, the point of Fred's piece isn't the limited authority of women within a congregation, but that the work of ministry was done vigorously and well - by both Bible Institute men and women. It still is. I know. I'm a Biola grad; class of '82.

Posted by: Kristine at July 2, 2008 12:12 AM

Hi Kristine,

Thanks much for the history you’ve provided. Know that I did read up on Biola prior to the post, and understood the Bible Women to be a particular group, not a classification. I also understood “the congregation” to mean a church body.

I didn’t take the point of Sanders’ post to be the limited authority of women within a congregation; I knew that he was rightly lauding the BW for their exemplary work. Yet I suspect that, though the BW worked within the gender framework of their time, even this had its inconsistencies, or, they may have had necessity to "ignore" certain aspects of it in the course of their excellent work.

Therefore I am questioning the theological framework within which they worked, because I suspect that some of their practices may, perhaps in ways not clearly defined, have contradicted it. I’m doing this because I think these matters are exceedingly relevant for today, as the exact same issues are faced by Christian women (and men) today.

Posted by: Bonnie at July 4, 2008 8:50 AM

Fair 'nuf, Bonnie.

(At least we aren't running around in those dadgum ankle-length skirts anymore...)

Posted by: Kristine at July 5, 2008 11:47 AM
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