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Embracing Doubt

I've had a blogger's block for about a week now because I knew I needed to write about Andrew Sullivan's editorial in last week's Time Magazine. The magazine has been sitting, marked up with my comments, on my desk for over a week. It's not how to respond to it, but the sheer volume of problems in three pages to respond to. It's such a mess of bad facts and bad thinking I find it discouraging. But it's quite typical of a lot of criticisms of Christians that amount to warnings about how dangerous we are. Part of the genesis of these kinds of claims is the terrorism motivated by Islamic fundamentalism. They equate those fundamentalists to Christian fundamentalists. J.P. Moreland has pointed out quite memorably that it's not that someone is zealous or fundamentalist, it's what they are zealous about that is the problem. Zealous Christianity leads to living out Biblical principles, a very good thing. Zealous radical Islam leads to killing innocent people, a very evil thing.

Sullivan was a guest on a radio show earlier this week talking about his book, The Conservative Soul, that has the same thesis as this magazine piece. He began by defining the Christian fundamentalists he's talking about: Fundamentalists are those people who think they know the truth about everything. Now, who's that? There may be a few of these people around, but they're hardly worth writing an article, much less a magazine article about. I don't know anyone who would fit this description. Do you? Who is he talking about? Yet that's the kind of ridiculous overstatement and characterization typical of Sullivan's piece and others who are writing about the same thing lately.

Sullivan uses the now familiar distinction of claiming to know lower "t" truth and capital "T" truth. The former kind of knowledge is supposedly more modest and less offensive, while the former is arrogant and absolute leading to all kinds of problems in the world. Not surprisingly, Sullivan goes on several paragraphs later in the article to tell us what the truth of things are and what "true faith" is. He sure talks like he's telling us about the way things really are, not just his perspective, because he's appealing to others to abandon their arrogance and embrace the doubt that will end all our conflict. Sullivan sounds pretty sure of his view when I read his article, but you see, that's okay with me. I'm interested in hearing his ideas and having a lively disagreement with the goal of persuading each other when we disagree. He sounds just as sure as the Christians he's critiquing, but that's juts fine. We can hardly escape the conviction that our own beliefs are correct. There is no such thing as the false distinction between "t" and "T" truth. That claims purports to be the way things are - "T" truth. We're all in that same boat, it's just that some of the passengers want to take pot shots at the others, which is really how I perceive Sullivan's criticisms.

He's afraid what will become of freedom in our country because of the threat from the Christian fundamentalists who believe in "T" truth. He believes these kinds of Christians are a new and growing phenomenon. Actually, Christians who believe they are correct and would love others to become part of the family, too, have been the norm in our country for over 300 years - the same 300 years that have been characterized by the most freedom of any society in history. Christians of this kind have been the majority in our country from the beginning, yet never have launched the kinds of witch hunts and pogroms Sullivan warns us of. If anything, this kind of Christianity is on the wane in our pluralistic society.

On the increase is the kind of Christianity Sullivan promotes that embraces doubt. He claims this is the kind of religion Jesus and Paul taught, but his exegesis is questionable. What it is is the kind of religion that allows someone the appearance of religiosity, the veneer of moral justification, without the accountability to the Bible and God to actually live out what is expected of us to be truly good people.

Sullivan offers us a false choice between omniscience or skepticism. His argument allows nothing in between so he opts for embracing skepticism. However, omniscience isn't the alternative and I don't know anyone who expects that it is. Rather, the alternative is a careful, responsible search for the only kind of truth there is (lower or capital, the way the world really is). If you believe something, it means you think it's true. Confidence is another kind of feature of our beliefs that can grow or decline with the justification we have for our beliefs. And we can spend our lives trying to increase our stock of true beliefs. That's what a virtuous believer looks like, not someone who had given up.

Sullivan begins the conclusion to his piece by writing about his virtuous grandmother who was a devout Catholic. To make his point, though, he imputes to her the kind of doubt and skepticism of his own religious beliefs based on no reason that he gives us. It's rather touching; but it's also deceitful and disrespectful of his grandmother. The Catholicism of his grandmother's time and the people of her generation were more characteristic of the Christians he's taking to task in his article. It's highly unlikely that his grandmother would have agreed with her grandson, absent any reason Sullivan has neglected to include.

He finishes with a typically self-contradictory statement after quoting German playwright Gotthold Lessing. Sullivan says, "That sentiment is true now as it was more than two centuries ago...." It sure sounds to me like he's telling us the "T" truth and has abandoned his doubt.

Greg Koukl talked about his on Stand to Reason's radio show) last Sunday.

Comments

"Zealous Christianity leads to living out Biblical principles, a very good thing. Zealous radical Islam leads to killing innocent people, a very evil thing."
____
It could be argued that "zealous Christianity," or rather hypocritical blathering, could lead to killing innocent people. How many children have died now in Iraq? How many innocent people have the Bush Admin. tortured?

Posted by: Russ at October 17, 2006 9:28 PM

How many innocents did Saddam kill and torture before the US went into Iraq?

How many innocents died in the World Trade Center?

If the number of Iraquis who have died in the war in Iraq equals the number of people who died in the World Trade Center, does that prove something?

Where do you factor in those US soldiers who have died defending Iraqui citizens? Or defending themselves?

Does Afghanistan count?

Surely, anyone can see that this mathematical exercise is pointless. Lots of thought processes and lines of reasoning lead to the deaths of innocent people. Radical Islamic unreason leads to the deaths of innocent people. Radical Christianity rarely if ever leads anyone to blow up buildings or torture people. Hysterical fear and the lack of a reasoned and measured response to terrorism could lead to the deaths of many more innocent people.

Posted by: Sherry at October 17, 2006 10:23 PM

Thanks Melinda for that thought provoking post.

I read through Sullivan's piece and now I have a headache. I have to acknowledge his skill in managing to write an article that ends up placing bible believing Christians in the same box as Islamic terrorists.

As with many other journalists from the same mold he attempts to portray Christians as unthinking and intolerant. The irony is that he, with his insistence that we adopt his brand of faith, becomes the most intolerant of all.

Posted by: Sheena at October 18, 2006 5:17 AM

Melinda! A truly needed post on something that few Christians seem to know how to tackle. You have demonstrated superb finesse in not only using the art of logic, but the necessary patience to thread out the truly convoluted way this type of thinking(exemplified by Sullivan) represents.

I'd like to add one thing to what you have said here: there is such a thing as difference in truth and big T truth. Big T truth refers to an absolute. There are very few absolutes in anything, but because God is absolute ( He doesn't change in character) what he says is truth is an absolute which = big T truth. Within that He qualifies things about truth at times ( if you... then this)

There is such a thing as small t truth, not that it is more modest truth, but it changes according to its context. We use that sort every day.. it is true that we are hungry but our hunger may not be the "hungry" of someone starving in a third world nation. It is hunger to us, but not to everyone... it is played out on a scale. Big T truth does not play out on such a scale- otherwise it loses its distinction of being an absolute.

But I would say there is a distinction. And when you believe in the God of the Bible you do believe in a possible big T truth...even if most of our lives we fail to fully grasp its definition.

Posted by: ilona at October 18, 2006 2:20 PM

Can you imagine someone giving a very long speech arguing for a conclusion and then saying the following at the very end and seriously meaning it? "Now I've just given you some very strong arguments. Remember that this is my perspective. It isn't really true."

I can't understand the supposed distinction between telling someone your perspective and telling someone what you believe to be true. Isn't that what it is to report your perspective? Your perspective is what things you think are true. When you say something is your opinion, you're saying that you think it's true. When you say it's just your opinion, you're saying that it's just what you think is true. You're acknowledging that others might believe different things, but you're not saying that your view is not true. You're saying it is true.

Now I'm all for being open-minded and being open to someone convincing me that I'm wrong. But that's not the same thing as thinking your beliefs aren't true. You should think they're true, or you shouldn't believe them in the first place.

Posted by: Jeremy Pierce at October 18, 2006 2:26 PM

Sherry, You have some good points there. What I see and read in the news makes it look increasingly clear that Iraq would be better off with Sadam, as bad as he was. The death toll is horrific and we bloodied our hand now as well. Two wrongs do not make a right. Were we justified in killing so many civilians? No. Isn't killing little Iraqi children as bad as abortions?
Yes innocents died in our country at the hands os very bad men, but al-Qeada has nothing to do with Iraq, or hadn't until we broke the Humpty Dumpty called Sadam. I will never understand why Bush disbanded the special unit sent to catch Bin Laden, and then say to the press he didn't really care about him.
Radical Christianity did lead to the torture of at least one innocent man, a Canadian sent to Syria. Please tell me you don't support any torture for any reason. Who would Jesus torture?

Posted by: Russ at October 18, 2006 5:57 PM

No, I don't support torture for any reason, not even to protect ourselves from those who are evil and intent on doing harm to others.

I can't comment on the case of the "Canadian sent to Syria" since I don't know anything about it.

I cannot believe that if you were to take a vote or a poll among the people who live there that Iraquis (the ones who really matter in this decision) would choose Saddam's regime over the current situation.

Posted by: Sherry at October 18, 2006 7:47 PM

Hi Sherry,


USATODAY.com - Ottawa to protest U.S. treatment of Canadian sent ...
Ottawa to protest U.S. treatment of Canadian sent to Syria for torture ... a formal protest over the U.S. treatment of a Canadian who was sent by American ...
www.usatoday.com/news/washington/ 2006-10-06-ottawa-syria_x.htm - 30k -

I just read about a pew poll that says that most Iraqis want us to leave but it may have been stated in such a way to give a wrong impression, I should probably look into it. I'm very glad to hear you say you're against torture and I know it seems like such an obvious thing but there are those who do. Thanks you for your responses.

Posted by: Russ at October 19, 2006 5:53 AM
You should think they're true, or you shouldn't believe them in the first place.

Completely true, Jeremy...given you're not playing devil's advocate or something;)

But the question, unspoken, is whether you can say such things are true on the more general level. It is common to dismiss things with "Well, that is true for you..."

What's being protested by ppl like Sullivan is that someone has the audacity to say some thing is true in a moral law sort of way, giving a universally applicable feature to truth.

They don't so much mind that ou qualify ideas of truth with "that is how it appears to me".

Posted by: ilona at October 19, 2006 11:30 AM

I really can't stand Andrew Sullivan. Melinda, I think you've hit it on the head – Sullivan believes in capital-T Truth when it suits him. We're only supposed to doubt ourselves when it's something he disagrees with.

There's a nice fisking of his article here. Sample:

The 18th century German playwright Gotthold Lessing said it best. He prayed a simple prayer: "If God were to hold all Truth concealed in his right hand, and in his left hand only the steady and diligent drive for Truth, albeit with the proviso that I would always and forever err in the process, and to offer me the choice, I would with all humility take the left hand, and say, Father, I will take this--the pure Truth is for You alone." [Gotthold Lessing thereby reveals himself as a supreme doofus. If God offers you Truth, you know what you do? You take it! DUH! It is not humilty to spurn grace offered by God]
Posted by: Atlantic at October 19, 2006 7:11 PM
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